8, What is the importance of fire protection design in steel structures, and what are the common fire prevention measures?

The Importance of Fire Protection Design in Steel Structures:

The significance of fire protection design in steel structures is paramount. Steel, while widely utilized in modern construction due to its high strength, lightweight, and rapid construction speed, inherently possesses poor fire resistance. Under high temperatures, the strength and elastic modulus of steel rapidly degrade, leading to a drastic decline in structural capacity, potentially resulting in structural failure or even collapse. Moreover, in the event of a fire in a steel-framed building, the flames spread rapidly, posing significant challenges for evacuation and firefighting efforts. Consequently, fire protection design for steel structures is a crucial aspect of ensuring building safety and protecting the lives and property of occupants.

Common Fire Prevention Measures: 

1, Fire-Resistant Coatings: Applying fire-resistant coatings to the surface of steel structures creates a protective barrier that delays the heating rate of steel, enhancing its fire endurance. These coatings can be either intumescent or non-intumescent, chosen based on specific requirements. 

2, Fire-Resistant Board Cladding: Encasing steel structures with fire-resistant boards such as mineral wool boards or calcium silicate boards provides effective insulation against direct flame and high temperatures.

3, Insulation Material Covering: Covering steel structures with flexible blanket-like insulation materials like rock wool or glass wool significantly reduces heat transfer to the steel, slowing down its temperature rise. 

4, Concrete or Masonry Encasement: Enclosing steel structures with concrete or masonry cladding forms a protective layer, significantly improving the overall fire resistance of the structure. This method not only enhances fire protection but also strengthens the structural integrity. 

5, Water Spray Cooling Systems: Installing water spray cooling systems above or around steel structures can lower their surface temperatures through water application, preventing them from reaching critical temperatures that compromise their load-bearing capacity.